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Key to the Clean Energy Transition: Marine-Based CCS for Fossil Fuels
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Feasible Path for Global Shipping Decarbonization: Seawater-Only Ship CCS
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Ultimate Solution for Climate Mitigation: Seawater-Only Air CCS
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The 30 years of continuous innovation in NSW® (Natural Sea Water) core technology:
From mFGD(marine Flue Gas Desulfurization) to mCCS (marine Carbon Capture and Storage)  
mFGD/EGC (90%+ de-SO2, 2~5% de-CO2):
‍Flue gas is scrubbed using only seawater. Globally first deployed in a 6GW coal-fired power plant (2000) and on marine vessels (2011).
mCCS-F power station (90%+ de-CO2, 99% de-SO2):
Scrub flue gas with seawater only, capturing and dissolving CO2, then converting it into HCO3- for ocean storage.(Rendering picture)
mCCS-S marine ship (90%+ de-CO2, 99% de-SO2):
Scrubs exhaust gas with seawater only, capturing and dissolving CO2, then converting it into HCO3- for ocean storage. (Web picture)
mCCS-D Negative Emissions Technologies:
Scrub air with seawater only, capturing and dissolving CO2, then converting it into HCO3⁻ for ocean storage. (Rendering picture)
2020 report of IEA

What does the experience of "mFGD to mCCS" suggest?

The successful story and spillover knowledge of FGD deployments are necessary for the successful deployment of CCS, for FGD is comparable to CCS in terms of its technological complexity, sectors of application and key characteristics (IEA, CCUS in Clean Energy Transitions, 2020).

What are the characteristics of mCCS?

  • CO2 capture using only seawater and the HCO3- model for legal, safe, and permanent ocean storage.
  • Innovated on mature technology applied on power stations/ships, from deep de-SO2 shallow de-CO2 to deep de-CO2 and deep de-SO2.
  • Utilizing ocean system carbon sinks to achieve climate-scale ultra-low-cost clean energy transformation and negative emissions.

    • Why is the utilization of ocean carbon sinks now so necessary and urgent?

  • Utilizing ocean system carbon sinks, which account for over 93% of Earth's natural carbon sinks, is a first principle of climate mitigation proposed by the UNFCCC and the IPCC. However, for the past 30 years of climate mitigation efforts, the scale of ocean system carbon sink utilization has remained at nearly zero.
  • The UN's 2023 report raises the alarm with the warning that "Global temperatures have reached new highs, and  the world’s emission reduction efforts have once again failed." This underscores the severity of the consequences of neglecting the first principles of climate mitigation and the urgent need for swift action to implement these principles.
  • With the need for 400 million to 1.8 billion tons of effectively usable carbon sinks annually by 2050 to achieve climate mitigation and develop a climate economy, utilizing ocean system carbon sinks at a climate scale has become neccessary and urgent priority.

    • ●To effectively respond to the United Nations' urgent climate action, a transformative marine CCS technology pathway is needed to prioritize the utilization of ocean system carbon sinks in the climate mitigation agenda. — Sigan Peng, Chairman of ZCEIU, Senior Research Engineer, Stanford University Lecture "New Solutions for Energy and Environmental Challenges", "From NSW FGD to CCS" Special Lecture, December 1, 2016.

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    ● To achieve the Paris climate goals, it is urgent for the UNFCCC to fulfill its commitment and promote the utilization of ocean system carbon sinks/reservoirs. Technical facts show that natural ocean alkalinity carbon storage is legal, safe, and eco-friendly, capable of mitigating climate change while preventing surface "ocean acidification." — Sigan Peng, "Natural Ocean Alkalinity Carbon Sequestration – Natural Engineering Practice" paper, GHGT-14, October 21-25, 2018, Melbourne.‍

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    ‍● Engineering solutions of marine ecosystems carbon sinks (biotic and abiotic factors) is the critical path to climate mitigation of our blue carbon-based planet — Sigan Peng, Stanford University speech, "Breaking Through the Cost Barrier of Net-zero Carbon Emission and Negtive Shot with Ocean System Carbon Sinks (mCCS)" , 27 Oct 2022.

    mFGD/EGC
     mCCS-F
    mCCS-D
    mCCS-S
    NSW FGD
    Ocean-based thermal power FGD - an accelerator for global FGD Deployments at a large scale
    • Over 20 years of operation proved that NSW FGD, which uses only natural seawater to reduce emissions without secondary chemical pollution, has higher desulfurization rates than FGD processes that rely on chemicals. Moreover, it can lower the cost by about 80%.
    • Through the demonstration of NSW FGD projects at the large-scale thermal power plants, NSW FGD has started and promoted the deployment of various FGD in the thermal power industry of China, facilitating the acceleration of the deployment of global land-based FGD.
    • Seawater scrubbing FGD thus becomes BAT.

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    NSW EGC/BCC
    Ocean-based ship exhaust reduction, ensuring a win-win situation for MARPOL and climate mitigation.
    • Only use natural sea water to scrub ship exhaust, remove sulfur dioxide and more than 90% of "black carbon" (BC), and prevent BC super greenhouse effect from accelerating global warming.
    • Suitable for all types of marine vessels to use various high and low sulfur fuels for implementing the United Nations global shipping sulphur limit, ensuring that the "MARPOL Convention" and the "Paris Climate Agreement" are not be mutually exclusive.
    • On November 8, 2012, released by Mr. Sigan Peng of MPT when he was invited to speak at Stanford University.

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    NSW CCS
    Ocean-based ship exhaust reduction, ensuring a win-win situation for MARPOL and climate mitigation.
    • Only use natural sea water to scrub ship exhaust, remove sulfur dioxide and more than 90% of "black carbon" (BC), and prevent BC super greenhouse effect from accelerating global warming.
    • Suitable for all types of marine vessels to use various high and low sulfur fuels for implementing the United Nations global shipping sulphur limit, ensuring that the "MARPOL Convention" and the "Paris Climate Agreement" are not be mutually exclusive.
    • On November 8, 2012, released by Mr. Sigan Peng of MPT when he was invited to speak at Stanford University.

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    NSW DACCS
    Ocean-based Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage, affordable "Net Negative Emission"
    • Powered by alternative energy such as wind and solar, deep and low-temperature seawater will be extracted to scrub and absorb CO2 from the air and then go back into the ocean to achieve carbon storage. The NSW way can change DACCS from the most expensive decarbonization to a low-cost one.
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    Global Partners & Events


    ZCE-IU has long-term cooperation with GCCSI (the world's leading CCS think tank)

    ZCE-IU has long-term cooperation with CCSA (UK and EU CCS think tank)
    On Nov 8, 2012 Mr. Sigan Peng was invited by Stanford University to give a keynote speech: 'Environmental Technologies in Maritime Shipping & Transportation: lmplementing the New UN Protocols'.
    Dr. Richard Dasher, director of the US-Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University, hosted and participated in the November 8, 2012 presentation.
    On Dec 1, 2016 Mr. Sigan Peng was invited by Stanford University for a second time to give a  keynote speech ‘From FGD to CCS’ at the lecture ‘New Solutions to Address Energy and Environmental Challenges’.
    Dr. Richard Dasher, director of the US-Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University, hosted  the Dec 1, 2016 presentation: the first ocean-based clean energy transition plan released.
    Mr. Sigan Peng published a paper at GHGT-14, proposing for the first time a natural engineering method for climate mitigation using the natural alkalinity carbon sinks of the ocean.
    Ms. Priscilla Peng (CEO, ZCE-IU) and Mr. Tim Dixon communicating at GCCSI booth, GHGT-14 (14th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Oct 2018, Melborn).
    On January 28, 2019, the GCCSI Japan Office hosted a special seminar on ZCE NSW CCS technology in Tokyo. Picture of hosts and Mr Sigan Peng, ZCE.
    Mr. Peng Sigan, delivered a keynote speech and proposed a HCO3- ion ocean storage model with the potential to simultaneously mitigate climate change and prevent ocean acidification.
    On Oct 27, 2022 Mr. Sigan Peng was invited by Stanford University for the third time to deliver a keynote speech: 'Breaking Through the Cost Barrier of Net-zero Carbon Emission and Negtive Shot with Ocean System Carbon Sinks (mCCS)'.
    Dr. Richard Dasher, director of the US-Asia Technology Management Center at Stanford University, hosted and participated in the Oct 27, 2022  presentation.
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